Analysis of Current Infrastructure and Emerging Trends of Information and Communication Technology in the Indian Himalayan Region

In this era of growing technologies, the internet and the information and communication technologies are not only the precursor of communication architecture but it is also the technology of production and social organisation, which has a pivot role in redesigning the social, economical, public and political aspects. Today, the term information technology incorporates many aspects of computing and technology like software applications, computer networks and information databases. When the computer and the communication are combined then it becomes the ICT. Presently, ICT infrastructure in the IHR is not in a good condition but nowadays, various new ICT technologies are emerging day by day through which ICT infrastructure could be upgraded in the remote areas of the IHR. ICT can play a significant role in development of the IHR and its peoples trough communication and internet technologies

Taxonomy of Big Data Analytics: Methodology, Algorithms and Tools

With the advent of revolution in the digital world, there is a rise in different type of data drastically. The data consists of structured and unstructured form of data, which is complex in nature and suppose to be stored, processed and finally analyzed to get some useful result for some organisation. As it is now not possible for traditional analytical methods to handle such a huge data, so a number of new and highly performance algorithms are developed for the efficient and useful analysis of big data. Analysis of these massive data requires a lot of efforts at multiple levels to extract knowledge for decision making. Therefore, big data analysis is a current area of research and development. This paper gives a brief introduction to big data and about the existing challenges, research, analytics tools, algorithms, open issues and future research direction for the study of big data analysts

Study the incidence of abdominal malignancies presenting as acute abdomen: an observational study

Background: Acute abdomen is one of the most common symptoms that bring a patient to an emergency department. An abdominal malignancy may be the cause of acute abdomen at least in a number of cases. The problem with this is the poorer outcome associated with it due to the lack of preoperative evaluation and preparation and also possible contamination that occurs in case of a perforation. This study aimed at studying the incidence of abdominal malignancies in the patients presenting as acute abdomen and the various presentations in which they present. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar India. This study was done during from  March 2015 to July 2016.who required surgery for acute abdomen were taken for the study and the incidence of malignancy in these cases were statistically assessed. Results: Out of the 400 patients who were operated for non-traumatic acute abdomen 73 patients i.e. 18.25% were found to have intra-abdominal malignancy. Carcinoma colon was the commonest malignancy, 52.05%. Carcinoma stomach and rectum were the next most common malignancy. Commonest presentation was as a case of intestinal obstruction, 79.45% followed by perforation 23.28%. Conclusions: In the era were the incidence and early detection of abdominal malignancies are on a rise, a significant portion of these cases present with acute abdominal symptoms and the morbidity associated with such a presentation is of importance. Early detection of the disease by screening is the solution forthis.   Keywords: Abdominal malignancies, Incidence, Intestinal obstruction, Perforation

Assess the effect of various socio-demographic variables on major depressive disorder among high stigma population: an observational study

Aims: To identify interrelation between chief presenting complains of depressive disorder with level of stigma associated, with reference to patient’s socio economic and demographic back ground. Materials and Methods: With the help of purposive sampling technique a total of 100 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder as per DSM-IV-TR criteria and stigma score above 16, who visited Psychiatry OPD (Out Patient Department), were enrolled into the study. Semi structured proforma for socio-demographics. Hamilton depression rating scale, distress questionnaire and stigma scale from the selected portion of Eplanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) were used. Results: Mean stigma score calculated was 17.16±1.12. Almost one-third (34%) of the participant of this study complained sadness followed by pain (26%), Mental stress (18%) and other problems (8%) Conclusion: Majority of patients with major depression reported somatic complaints as most troubling which may hinder early recognition. As stigma is positively related with depression severity it may acts as barrier to help seeking. Socio-demographic variables are unrelated with presentation of depression

A Rare Nasopharyngeal Foreign Body

Nasopharynx is an exceptionally rare anatomical location for foreign body impaction. We present a rare case of nasopharyngeal foreign body (NFB) in a 7 years old child. The diagnosis was confirmed by nasal endoscopy. Immediate removal of foreign body (FB) in the nasopharynx was performed under general anesthesia. This rare situation is potentially dangerous, since its dislodgment may cause fatal airway obstruction. Therefore, in all cases with missing foreign bodies in the aerodigestive system, nasopharyngeal impaction should be kept in mind and endoscopic examination of the region should be considere

Negative pressure wound therapy in management of abdominal wound dehiscence: a case-control study

Background: Since the 1990’s, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used to treat soft tissue defects, burn wounds, and to achieve skin graft fixation. In the field of abdominal surgery, the application of NPWT is increasing in cases with an open abdominal wound requiring temporary wound closure and a second look operation. In the present study, analyzed negative pressure wound therapy in management of abdominal wound dehiscence.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna,Bihar India. This study was done during from Jan 2016 to December 2016.  Institutional ethical approval was obtained before conducting this study.A total of n=100 cases were included in this study.Out of n=100,50were taken as cases in whom intervention was done by applying VAC Therapy and 50 were taken as control in whom only NS dressing was done.Results:In this study major number of patients belonged to the age group between 40-60 years, Abdominal wound dehiscence were more common in males 71 cases (71%) than females 29 cases (29%). Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. The type abdominal wound dehiscence was most commonly partial thickness wound dehiscence 64 case (64%) and full thickness wound dehiscence were 36 (36%).  There was mean wound contraction of 0.82 cm in post VAC patients compared to0.13 cm in post ns dressing. there was significant decrease in wound sepsis of patient by application of negative pressure wound therapy and  patients with negative pressure wound therapy dressing has more number of healing by secondary intention and nil mortalityrate.Conclusion: NPWT significantly reduces the hospital stay of patients, it causes faster and higher degree of wound contraction, reduces wound sepsis thereby reducing morbidity of patient. Keywords: Abdominal wound dehiscence, Negative pressure wound therapy, Vaccum assisted closure

Assessment of Acute biliary pancreatitis: a prospective observational hospital-based study

Background: Pancreatitis is quite common problem, it may present either as abdominal emergency with fulminant course or as an indolent process leading to long-term medical as well as surgical complications often leading to poor prognosis if not intervened timely. Methods:This was a prospective hospital based observational study conducted at  Department of General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.from November 2015 to July 2016. All cases of ABP admitted over a period of one year were included in the study. The clinical presentation, severity and course of the disease, imaging studies, duration of ICU and hospital stay and timing of ERCP and cholecystectomy were studied. Results: A total of 100 cases were included in the study. Average age was 53.45 years. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom at presentation. About 88% patients had mild to moderate disease while the rest had severe disease. The mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 8-10 days. ERCP was done in 12 cases. Cholecystectomy during the same admission was done in 34 cases. Conclusion: Early intervention definitely reduces morbidity, mortality and recurrent admissions in cases of acute biliary pancreatitis. Same admission laparoscopic cholecystectomy is preferable in mild ABP. All cases of severe ABP must undergo early ERCP irrespective of biliary obstruction. Keywords: pneumonia, hyponatremia, sodium level, children